Biogas Generation Dependable online, inline, and atline solutions for your waste processing needs. Why biogas? 02 Wastewater must be treated so it can be released Industries which process large volumes of wastewater back into the environment without adverse effects on or even other biomass with a high organic content an ecosystem. Especial y in the food and agricultural can choose to reduce costs and have a more positive sectors, carbohydrates and many other organic comenvironmental impact by creating renewable energy: pounds are introduced from washing procedures and biogas. Waste is treated via anaerobic processes with other processing steps. Discharging this nutrient­rich activated bacterial sludge in digester tanks. Biogas can effluent without sufficient treatment would lead to be processed and used as a utility or even sold and fed pro lific bacterial growth, deoxygenating the water and back into the power grid. Utilization of a cogeneration killing aquatic life. plant (CHP) on­site increases energy efficiency by pro viding heat to the digester(s), thus saving even more. Effluent treatment can take place by either aerobic (oxygen­rich) or anaerobic (oxygen­deficient) digestion, or a combination thereof, though anaerobic treatment is reserved for higher concentrations of organics. Process opportunities: • Nutrient dosing to bacteria • Influent to digesters • Waste effluent compliance Process Analysis • VOA/TAC in fermentation • % Moisture in gas Mesophilic (30–37°C) Mesophilic (30–37°C) or or • Trace ions in steam Thermophilic (48–55°C) Thermophilic (48–55°C) Digester Digester STORAGE / PRETREATMENT GAS FILTRATION INFLUENT FEED CHP GENERATOR For either 1- or 2-stage digestion setups WASTE Formation of biogas from waste products Issues with high organic loads Biogas is created when organic substances are decom ­ Feeding the fermenter with too high of an organic posed in a four­step anaerobic digestion process (hy droload creates an imbalance between the different types lysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and me than o genesis). of bacteria, leading to an increase in creation of fatty Before it is refined, flammable biogas is a water­saturacids and a lowered pH. The imbalance kil s off the other a ted gas mixture that consists largely of methane (CH ) bacteria in the tank and halts methanogenesis. 4 and carbon dioxide (CO ). The CH com ponent is most 2 4 important in the use of biogas, since the oxidizable compound releases energy when burned. Benefits of online monitoring Metrohm Process Analytics offers several ana ly ti cal A shutdown, cleanup, and replacement of the bacterial techniques in many different analyzer con fi gu rations for sludge is extremely costly, calculated in the hundreds of any need: titration, photometry, ion chromatography, thousands of euros for even a small overloading event. NIR spectroscopy, and ion­selective measurements. On the other hand, process optimization can lead to Our online process ana ly zers and custom sample pre additional income from several areas in the plant, such conditioning systems are manufactured in the Netheras the sale of excess sludge or produced heat as a utility. lands and supported by our local service engi neers It is therefore extremely important to constantly monitor worldwide. all processes relevant to the formation of biogas in order to reduce waste and maximize profit in many areas. Applications Monitor fermentation efficiency online with IC 03 Fermentation produces short­chain fatty acids, hydroxy carboxylic acids, and alcohols. The Process Ion Chromatograph can measure multiple organic acids (and more) in a single, aqueous sample. This analyzer is avail able with either one or two measurement channels, with many optional inline sample preparation techniques available to simplify online analysis in many areas. A single Process Ion Chromatograph can be configured to monitor up to 20 different sampling points with a wide range of analyte concentrations (ng/L to %). • Comprehensive organic acid analysis in one run • Monitor fermentation process with acetic acid: propionic acid ratio • Trend chart analysis and warning limits to mark fermentation inhibition or overfeeding episodes Process Ion Chromatograph • Trace corrosive ions in water­steam circuit (CHP) Measuring oxygen demand and more in influent Many plants still use laboratory­based Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measurements to control me thano genesis in the fermenter(s), but the infrequency of ana lysis (sometimes once per day) easily misses peak concentrations in the influent to the fermenter. This is avoidable with online process analysis. Depending on the expected concentration range of COD, automated redox titration or photometric methods can be used. Many other fermentation­related applications can be performed with the 2045TI, such as the permanganate number or the VOA/TAC (also known as FOS/TAC) ratio. • Methods conform to ISO 6060, ASTM D 1252, DIN 38409­41 and NEN 6633 • Divert or dilute highly concentrated influent before it reaches the fermenter Process Analyzer ADI 2045TI • Promote safety by moving COD analysis online Reagent-free solutions for biogas production Online near­infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can improve upon several steps in the biogas production process. This reagent­free technique is non­destructive and al ows real­time knowledge of dynamic processes. Process NIRS applications suitable for biofermentation include: • Monitoring the fermentation process (VOA/TAC) to increase production yield • Optimization of the bacterial feeding process through quality control of incoming feedstock • Inspection of fermentation residue (N, P, K) • % Moisture in gas NIRS XDS Process Analyzer www.metrohm.com witzerland ­9100 Herisau, S G, CH ohm A V.printed by Metr ohm Applikon B. ­12 Subject to change without prior notice Layout by Alyson Lanciki, Metr 8.000.5220EN – 2016