892 Professional Rancimat Determination of the oxidation stability of • Oils and fats • Fat-containing foods • Cosmetics The 892 Professional Rancimat and StabNet in brief 02 The 892 Professional Rancimat, in conjunction with StabNet The StabNet software meets all the requirements of mo-software, is a modern analytical system for easy and reli-dern analytical software. Apart from acquiring and evaluable determination of the oxidation stability of natural oils ating data automatically, the database enables managing and fats using the long-established Rancimat method. large volumes of data comfortably. User administration with freely configurable access rights as well as automatic The 892 Professional Rancimat is controlled via the PC by backup functions ensure a high level of data security. In StabNet software. Determination itself, however, can be addition, the StabNet software meets the requirements started very conveniently directly on the instrument. Each of «Title 21 CFR part 11» of the FDA (United States Food measuring position has its own individual start button. In and Drug Administration). addition, the integral color display provides an overview of the status of each individual measuring position. Disposable reaction vessels reduce the cleaning of accessories to a minimum, thereby saving time and cost. The most important applications • Oxidation stability of vegetable and animal oils and fats • Examination of the effectiveness of antioxidants • Oxidation stability of oil and fat-containing foods and cosmetics 03 The most important advantages at a glance The instrument • All instrument functions controlled via PC • Separate starting of each measuring position directly on the instrument • Overview of the status of all measuring positions on the instrument display • Unparalleled reliability and simple operation due to unique accessories - Affordable disposable glass parts - Robust conductivity cells with electrical connections integrated in the reaction vessel cover • 2 heating blocks with 8 measuring positions per instrument. Up to 4 instruments can be connected to 1 PC The software • Clearly laid-out user interface • Database with flexible filtering, sorting and statistical functions • High transparency of results due to - storage of all determination, method and instrument parameters - storage of the history for reevaluation or recalculation of measurement data • High level of data security due to manipulation-proof database and automatic backup functions • Network-compatible due to client-server functionality • User administration with freely configurable access rights • Meets all the requirements of FDA and GLP Oxidation stability of oils and fats 04 The determination of the oxidation stability of oils and The induction time determined by the Rancimat method fats is the classical application for the 892 Professional is a standard parameter of quality control in the produc-Rancimat. The term oxidation stability denotes the resis-tion, incoming goods inspection and further processing tance of oils and fats to oxidation. In the Rancimat meth-of oils and fats in the food industry. It is used both in od, oxidation is accelerated by means of heating up the companies that produce such oils and fats and in those reaction vessel and by passing air continuously through that process them further. In addition to oils and fats the sample. This process causes the fatty acid molecules from vegetable sources, the oxidation stability of animal in the sample to oxidize. First, peroxides form as primary fats such as lard, tallow and fish oil can, of course, also be products of oxidation. After some time the fatty acids are determined by the 892 Professional Rancimat. completely destroyed and secondary oxidation products are formed, including volatile low-molecular organic ac-Foodstuffs normally contain antioxidants that slow down ids such as, acetic acid and formic acid. These are trans- the oxidative decomposition of the oils and fats. These ported by the airstream to a second vessel containing antioxidants may occur naturally or be added artificially. distilled water, where conductivity is measured continu-The 892 Professional Rancimat may also be used to con-ously. The appearance of volatile acids is re corded in the trol the effectiveness of existing and future antioxidants. measuring vessel as an increase in conductivity. The time that elapses until these secondary reaction products appear is cal ed «induction time», «induction period» or «Oil Stability Index (OSI)». This value characterizes the resis-tance of the sample to oxidation. The longer the induction time, the more stable a sample is. 05 Standards The Rancimat method is included in various national and international standards, such as: • AOCS Cd 12b-92 (AOCS – American Oil Chemists’ Society) Sampling and analysis of commercial fats and oils: Oil Stability Index • ISO 6886 Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of oxidative stability (accelerated oxidation test) • 2.4.28.2-93 Fat stability test on Autoxidation. CDM, Japan 06 Oxidation stability of foods Many foods contain oils and fats, either naturally or as Typical examples of applications for direct a result of production. Just like the pure substances, the measurements hidden oils and fats are also subject to oxidation, which • Butter cookies contributes to their spoilage. Thus, the 892 Professional • Instant noodles Rancimat can also be used to determine the oxidation • Potato chips (crackers) stability of foods containing oils and fats. • Microwave popcorn • Nuts Foods with a very high fat content can often be analyzed directly. The only preparation required is a reduction in Examples of determinations after extraction the size of the sample particles. In the case of foods with • Mayonnaise a high proportion of water or proteins in addition to fat, • Salad dressing the fat phase normally needs to be separated off first. • Chocolate The isolated fat can then be measured with the 892 Pro- • Waffles fessional Rancimat. In these cases the fat is extracted by • Sausage products cold extraction with petroleum ether. Oxidation stability of cosmetics Many natural cosmetics and other high-quality cosmetic 07 products contain a substantial proportion of vegetable oils and fats. For example, cocoa butter is an ingredient in many lip and body care products. In contrast to paraffin-based products, these cosmetics spoil over time, partly as a result of the oxidation of the vegetable fats contained. Depending on the proportion of fat, the samples can be measured directly with the 892 Professional Rancimat or the isolated fat can be measured after cold extraction with petroleum ether. Typical examples of applications • Suntan oil • Lip balm • Hand cream • Body lotion The 892 Professional Rancimat in detail 08 Start buttons on the instrument Next to each measuring position there is a button with which determination can be started immediately after the sample has been placed in the heating block. The start button is completely sealed on the outside, so no liquids such as oil or water can enter. Triggering is achieved with 09 the help of capacitive finger detection and also works with gloves. Instrument display The status of the instrument and of each individual measuring position can be watched on the color instrument display. It shows the temperature of the two heating blocks, the gas flow, the status of the measuring position and the conductivity measured in each measuring position Easy handling of the reaction vessels Preparation of the reaction vessel, weighing-out of the sample and closing of the reaction vessel are very simple and safe. The use of disposable glass parts means there is no need for time-consuming cleaning after measuring. That not only saves working time and costs, but also im-proves the reproducibility of the measurement results, as new, clean measuring vessels prevent carryover effects and consequent interference with results. Measuring vessel cover with integrated conductivity cell The conductivity cell, with its electrical connections, is incorporated in the measuring vessel cover. When the cover is placed in position, the cell is immersed in the water and is immediately in the right position. At the same time electrical contact is made to the measuring electronics in the instrument. The conductivity cell itself is a robust stainless steel electrode that withstands even thorough cleaning with detergent and a brush or a wash cycle in the laboratory glassware washer without dam-age. The cleaning of a conductivity electrode has never been easier! Air supply The air used for measuring is drawn in through a filter by the integral pump and water vapor is removed by means of a molecular sieve. The gas flow to the various measuring positions is controlled within the range of 1 L/h and 25 L/h according to the method settings in StabNet. Connections The 892 Professional Rancimat is connected to the PC by way of a USB port. Up to four 892 Professional Rancimats can be connected to a PC and controlled by StabNet. StabNet – modern software for stability measurements 10 StabNet is the modern and user-friendly software for carrying out stability measurements and archiving the measurement data. The characteristic features of StabNet are its ease of use and fl exibility. This is evident already in the «Workplace» part of the program, where the day-to-day work is done. Here users will fi nd all the elements that are needed to carry out determinations. The structure of the «Workplace» shows the setup of the 892 Professional Rancimat with its 2 heating blocks and the 8 measuring positions. 11 For each heating block it is possible to load an individual heating can also be started automatically, and very con-method in which, amongst other things, the tempera-veniently, at a defined time with the help of a timer; the ture and gas flow are defined. The heating is switched instrument will then be ready for use right on the start of on manually in the «Workplace» part of the program. The the working day. For each measuring position on the instrument there is the already detected end points. The sample identifica-a live display in the «Workplace» part of the program. tion and other information about the sample can be en-The flashing Start/Stop button indicates a determination tered in up to 4 fields. Frequently recurring identifications is running. From the corresponding live curve it is possible can be stored as text templates and can then be simply to see directly the current status of the determination and selected on the «Workplace». The symbols in the StabNet toolbar on the left edge of cause of the clear symbols and the well laid-out structure the program provide access to the other parts of the pro-the user interface is easy to follow and can be operated gram: «Configuration», «Method» and «Database». Be-intuitively. Data management 12 Completed determinations are stored in a database. In the «Database» part of the program it is possible to view the determinations including all the determination, method and instrument parameters. The determination overview is freely confi gurable, so all measurement results can be scanned easily. The subwin-dows «Curve» and «Information» display the measurement curve and other information on the determination, as well as method and instrument parameters for each determination that is selected. Convenient sort, search and fi lter functions make it easy to fi nd data quickly. Recalculation of determinations 13 Should it ever be necessary, determinations can also be processed at a later time, either by recalculation with different evaluation parameters or by manual evaluation of the curve with tangents. The original data are not lost. All versions of the determination are archived. Using the History function it is possible to restore the original version or any interim version or the fi nal version at any time. Report creation The report generator offers complete freedom when it a series of different report templates that can be adapted comes to creating the analysis report, whether it be an to the particular needs. As a result, a customized report individual report with all the relevant sample and method can be created in next to no time; and a company logo information or a tabular report in the form of a table with can, of course, be added, if required. all the results of a measurement series. StabNet contains Individual report with all the relevant details for the determination Tabular report (with or without curve), in portrait or landscape format, provides an overview of larger measurement series Other helpful database functions 14 Today entering a result in a table is simply not enough. Frequently, measurement results need to be set out as statistics and graphs. StabNet also supports this step. Statistical calculations Confi rmation of relevant results usually requires multiple as the mean value and the absolute and relative standard determinations. StabNet offers the possibility of linking 2 deviations, are then calculated automatically in addition or 4 replicate determinations together statistically. At the to the individual result. end of the multiple determinations, statistical data, such Detail overview and control chart The function «Detail overview» shows trends and spreads Furthermore, a control chart provides the possibility for in a clearly set-out chart. In addition, a table containing defi ning and visualizing warning and intervention limits. all the results of the selected determinations and their statistical evaluation is displayed. Temperature extrapolation 15 The Rancimat method is based on the fact that chemical high degree of statistical uncertainty. Furthermore, the reactions − in this case the oxidation of fatty acids − de-measuring conditions do not correspond to the storage pend on temperature. With the help of «Extrapolation» condi tions. For these reasons, it is impossible to calculate it is possible to show the induction time or stability time the shelf life exactly in this way. results as a function of the temperature of the sample in the form of a graph. Moreover, «Extrapolation» enables Two models are available for extrapolation. Firstly, there recalculating results measured at one temperature in rela-is the empirical Q approach, which is based on the ob-10 tion to a different temperature. servation that the induction time approximately doubles with each 10 °C reduction in sample temperature. The Thus, for example, extrapolation to room temperature second model also incorporates the reaction kinetics. It provides a rough estimate for the shelf life of a sample. is based on the Arrhenius equation, which describes the However, it must be kept in mind that mathematical temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant. extrapolation of hours to months and years involves a Data management and security 16 Central data management In the client-server version, StabNet enables central data management on a server in the local network. Regarding operation and scope of functions, the client-server version does not differ from a local installation. However, all the methods and determinations are stored centrally on the StabNet server. The great advantage is that any data can be viewed and processed further from any PC on which a StabNet client is installed, whether in the laboratory or in the office. Thus, all the measurement data are available throughout the company. Security 17 Data security and the traceability of results are becom-ized access to parts of the program and to data. Further-ing ever more important. In StabNet the access rights of more, there is the possibility to add a digital signature each user can be defi ned in accordance with the in-house to both methods and determinations in accordance with security scheme. Password protection prevents unauthor-the guidelines of FDA Title 21 CFR Part 11. Data backup StabNet also supports data backup. The entire database Lost data can therefore be restored in a very short time. is backed up at a freely defi nable interval. Technical specifications 18 892 Professional Rancimat Heating blocks 2 aluminum heating blocks; electrically heated; can be set to different temperatures Temperature control Temperature range 50...220 °C, adjustable in 1 °C steps Temperature correction -9.9...+9.9 °C, adjustable in 0.1 °C steps Deviation of the block temperature from the set value < ±0.3 °C Reproducibility of set temperature Typically better than ±0.2 °C* Temperature variations Typically <0.1 °C* Temperature difference between different measuring Typically <0.3 °C* positions Ambient temperature <50 °C (at an operating temperature of 220 °C) Response temperature of thermal protection 260 °C * When operating temperature has been reached, with inserted reaction vessels with an identical filling and 20 L/h air throughput. Air throughput Pump Diaphragm pump Adjustable range volumetric flow rate 1...25 L/h (at 25 °C and 1013 hPa) Max. error from set value ± (0.25 L/h + 5% of the measurement value) Conductivity measurement Electrodes Conductivity cell 6.0913.130 with double steel-pin electrode integrated in measuring vessel cover Measuring range 0...400 µS/cm Line power Voltage 100...120 V and 220...240 V Frequency 50...60 Hz Power consumption Max. 450 VA Dimensions Width 383 mm Depth 461.5 mm Height 276.5 mm (without accessories) Weight 16.1 kg (without accessories) Minimum PC requirements for StabNet Processor Pentium 4; clock speed 1 GHz Working memory 2 GB Free hard disk memory 1 GB for program Free memory for data 4 GB (for approx. 1000 determinations) Operating system Windows XP Professional Windows Vista Windows 7 (32-bit and 64-bit) USB port 1 for each instrument that is connected (maximum 4) Additional requirements for StabNet server installations Operating system for server Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 R2 (32-bit and 64-bit) Network Minimum 10 Mbit/s Ordering Information 2.892.0010 892 Professional Rancimat 19 Instrument for the determination of the oxidation stability of natural fats and oils. All accessories necessary for the performance of the determinations is included in the scope of delivery. The StabNet software is required for instrument control, data recording and evaluation and for data storage (not included). Options 6.1111.010 Pt100 Temperature Sensor 6.1428.030 Glass measuring vessel for stability measurements 6.1429.050 Reaction vessel long for stability measurements, 100 pieces 6.1839.000 Iso-Versinic tubing 6.2059.000 Turning ring 6.2324.010 Conductivity standard 100 µS/cm (250 mL) 6.2326.000 Silicone oil for stability measuring instruments (50 mL) 6.2418.130 Air tube long for biodiesel measurements, 100 pieces 6.2757.000 Air collection tube for stability instruments 6.5616.100 Equipment for determining the temperature correction for Rancimats and PVC Thermomats Consumables 6.5706.020 Rancimat Consumable Kit 6.2821.090 Aspiration filter StabNet 6.6068.102 StabNet 1.0 Full CD: 1 license 6.6068.103 StabNet 1.0 Multi CD: 3 licenses www.metrohm.com G, CH-9100 Herisau ohm A witzerland by Metr , printed in S SW 10 0EN – 2012- Subject to change Layout by Ecknauer+Schoch A 8.892.500