Battery research

• Electrochemical characterization of batteries

• Determination of water content

• Determination of anions and cations by ion chromatography





Analytical instrumentation for battery research Considerable resources are currently being channeled into Progress in battery research requires sophisticated instru-battery research. The focus is on finding new materials mentation for the production and characterization of enabling higher energy and power density as well as materials and cells. Metrohm provides you with more efficient energy storage.

top-quality analytical instruments, know-how and first-class, on-the-spot service.

Electrochemical characterization of batteries, electrode materials and electrolytes Metrohm Autolab instruments are ideal for the The energy and power density of a battery depends on characterization and development of battery the properties of the electrolyte used and on the anode materials:

and cathode materials. Electrochemical methods are

• anode and cathode materials suitable for:

• electrolyte and electrolyte additives

• separators and current collectors

•

determining voltage characteristics upon charge and discharge

•

evaluating cycling performance and calculating coulombic efficiency

Total solutions for battery research

•

evaluating the cycle life and calender life of the Metrohm Autolab offers cells and accessories that batteries

facilitate battery research:

•

measuring the battery capacity and power

• DuoCoin Cell Holder: coin cell holder suitable for high

•

determining state of charge, depth of discharge, precision impedance spectroscopy featuring 4-point and state of health

gold-plated electrode contacts.

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measuring internal resistance of the battery

• Microcell HC: a variety of high end in-temperature cells

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measuring the electrolyte resistance and charge designed for materials and electrolyte studies. Suitable transfer resistance

for solid, liquid, and gel samples applicable to different battery technoloigies, e.g.solid state batteries.

Impedance spectroscopy station for batteries Metrohm Autolab instruments are ideal for building automated impedance spectroscopy workstations.

With an M204 multichannel potentiostat, up to six channels can be equipped with the FRA32M impedance module for concurrent impedance analysis. For a more compact workstation, the PGSTAT 204 is recommended.

The power can be increased with a ten ampere booster that works in all four quadrants (positive and negative currents can be applied or drawn).

Alternatively, the highly versatile PGSTAT 302N can be equipped with a MUX multiplexer and FRA32M module for automated sequential impedance measurements on a batch of batteries.

M204 multichannel instrument

Simultaneous measurements on each channel. Flexible pro-cedure programming with NOVA 2 electrochemical software.





Determination of water content Lithium-ion battery must be completely free of water (con centration of H O < 20 ppm), because water reacts 2

with the conducting salt, e.g. LiPF , to form hydrofluoric 6

acid. In general, mixtures of anhydrous, aprotic solvents and lithium salts are chosen as electrolytes. The water content can be determined reliably and precisely in, for example, the samples listed below, using Karl-Fischer cou lometry and the oven method:

• raw materials for the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries

• electrode coating preparations (slurry) for anode and cathode coating

• the coated anode and cathode foils as well as in separator foils and in packed foil layers

• electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries Reliable water determination with the 851 Titrando



coulometer and 874 USB Oven Sample Processor The oven method enables reliable determination of the water content of insoluble samples.

Determination of anions and cations In the development and optimization of lithium-ion batteries, one of the items of special interest is the content of ions such as lithium, fluoride and hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte or in eluates of different components.

Using ion chromatography, it is possible to determine various inorganic and organic anions and cations in parallel over a wide concentration range. Any sample preparation steps that might be required (elution, dilu-tion, filtration) can be automated with the Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation («MISP») techniques.

The following anions and cations can be determined:

• fluoride, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate and lithium in eluates of individual components such as 940 Professional IC Vario plus anodes, cathodes and separator foils 858 Professional Sample Processor:

• fluoride, hexafluorophosphate and lithium in electrolyte Metrohm offers a unique range of completely automated sample liquids

preparation techniques for ion chromatography.



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