CIRAS-2 Portable Photosynthesis System For Research www.ppsystems.com CO2 and H2O Gas Analyzer CIRAS-2 Portability The CIRAS-2 main console is lightweight, compact and extremely rugged for demanding Portable field research. It is powered by two lightweight, rechargeable 12V NiMH battery packs capable of running the entire system up to 6-8 hours (including LED light unit). Batteries Photosynthesis can be easily changed in the field without the need to shut down the system. True Differential Gas Analyzer System The CIRAS-2 is a true differential system. It features 4 independent, non-dispersive gas Trusted and tested technology analyzers for accurate, simultaneous measurement of both CO and H O, eliminating the 2 2 problems associated with “gas switching” systems. Also, for enhanced reliability, there are no moving parts such as chopper motors or filter wheels. The analyzers (reference and analysis) include an infrared source, highly polished, gold plated sample cells and Measurement Ranges detectors. The analyzers act as absorptiometers measuring infrared absorption only. CO 0-2,000 µmol mol-1 (optimal) 2 The CIRAS-2 optical bench is temperature controlled and pressure compensated for CO 0-9,999 µmol mol-1 (maximum) 2 the most accurate CO and H O measurements under changing ambient conditions. 2 2 H O 0-75 mb 2 Calibration The CIRAS-2 is factory calibrated for CO2 The design of the CIRAS-2 ensures an inherent calibration stability that has been measurements up to 9,999 µmol mol-1 as confirmed by over 25 years experience in gas analysis technology. The CO analyzers standard. The CIRAS-2 can also be used as 2 do not require recalibration but we do recommend periodic checks to confirm system a stand-alone CO /H O gas analyzer for 2 2 integrity. There is an integral CO verification facility and external H O calibrator for laboratory and field applications if required. 2 2 automated calibration of the H O gas analyzers. 2 CO2 Control 375 ) 370 -1 365 360 (µmol mol 2 CO 355 350 0 2 4 6 8 Time (Hours) For high level research, the stability and control of CO2 is critical. The CIRAS-2 air supply unit is capable of providing stable and accurate CO2 concentrations for many hours in the field or lab. 2 Independent, Automatic Control of CO2 and H2O The CIRAS-2 system is capable of providing independent, automatic control of User Interface CO and H O to the leaf cuvette (reference) and within the leaf cuvette (analysis). 2 2 Control of CO and H O can be dynamic or pre-programmed for automatic response 2 2 curve generation. The CIRAS-2 main console features an innovative user interface that includes a large, full color display (640 x 480) optimized for field use with keypad and A. Electrical and gas analysis connectors touchpad for user inputs. It includes both a USB (for leaf cuvette) and RS232 serial port for transfer of stored data and B B. User Interface (USB, for connection to an external PC. A PCMCIA slot is RS232 and PCMCIA slot) available for use with data storage cards (unlimited C C. Rechargeable 12V data storage). NiMH battery pack A D. CO2 regulator and Intuitive System Software D cartridge holder The system can display 15 measured and calculated E. CO2 cartridge (8g) parameters and graphics simultaneously in real F. Conditioning time. The user has full control over presentation of desiccants for CO2 numerical data and graphics with several recording E and H2O control options from simple keypress to fully automated, G. Water vapor H G equilibrator pre-programmed response curves. Environmental F H. Auto-zero desiccants control can be changed dynamically or automatically. Management and output of stored data is very CO2 Control flexible with many different formats available for A built-in, removable CO regulator and gas cylinder holder allows for the use of pure use with your favorite spreadsheet program. All 2 mini CO cartridges (8 g). Each cartridge is capable of providing automatic control of measured and calculated data are safely stored 2 CO between 0-2,000 µmol mol-1 for at least 1 full day. and can easily be recalculated if required. 2 H Remote Control Software 2O Control On-board, self-indicating desiccants are used for conditioning the H O 2 concentrations per user selected levels from 0-Dewpoint. 50 40 The CIRAS-2 is )-1s an ideal system -2 30 for automatic generation and measurement of The remote control software is ideal for 20 A/Ci curves like laboratory and teaching applications. A (µmol m the ones to the 10 The system is supplied with Windows® software left on soybean allowing remote control operation of the CIRAS-2 cv. Stressland. 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 from a PC. Powerful, flexible software allows for Ci (µmol mol-1) simple, individual measurements to more complex, automated and pre-programmable experiments. Built-in system diagnostics for checking Plot up to 4 measurement parameters at once with The response editor allows users to set up hardware and controls. full control over graphical presentation of data. automated response curves quickly and easily. 3 PLC6 (U) Automatic Universal Leaf Cuvette The PLC6 (U) Automatic Universal Leaf Cuvette is lightweight, versatile and ideal for field measurments. It is constructed from carefully selected materials for best results. Automatic temperature control is integral to the cuvette. It features 2 miniature PAR sensors located within the cuvette at the leaf surface for accurate measurement of PAR (Photosynthetically-Active Radiation). Accurate leaf temperature control and measurement is ensured by an IR sensor fitted at the base of the cuvette. A remote recording switch is also available on the cuvette handle for conveniently recording measurements. Automatic Temperature Control PLC6 (U) Automatic Universal Leaf Cuvette Peltier elements are mounted to the cuvette head along with a heat sink and fan. The control range is approximately 8 oC below ambient to +40 oC. 25mm x 7mm 18mm Diameter 25mm x 18mm In addition, temperature control can be disabled completely or set up to track ambient if required. The PLC6 (U) is supplied with 3 head plates for different sized leaves. 12 10 )-1 8 s LED light unit fitted to the PLC6 (U). -2 6 Automatic Light Control 4 An optional LED light unit is available for the PLC6 2 (U) featuring automatic control of cuvette light A (µmol m intensity. This is particularly useful for light response 0 curves in the field or lab. If required, the light unit -2 can be removed for ambient measurements. For unattended operation, the CIRAS-2 can be pre-0 500 1000 1500 2000 programmed to automatically control light intensity PAR (µmol m-2 s-1) at user defined levels (0-2,000 µmol m-2 s-1). Light response curves of 4 different highbush blueberry cultivars. 4 Chlorophyll Fluorescence Module (CFM) The CIRAS-2, with optional integrated Chlorophyll Fluorescence Module (CFM), is a powerful tool for photosynthesis research. The CFM has been developed in cooperation with Hansatech Instruments for complete integration with the CIRAS-2 gas exchange systems. The CFM provides Our modified measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence using LED light unit includes the pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) technique. full chlorophyll fluorescence detec-The pulsed fluorescence that is induced by the tion capabilities while retaining all normal functionality as an actinic light source for gas exchange modulation beam is used to probe the efficiency measurements. The modified unit provides the modulation beam, of light-use for photosystem II photochemistry. saturating pulses, far-red illumination and fluorescence detection required for chlorophyll fluorescence measurement in a remarkably compact, solid-state and lightweight unit. It does not require additional power sources for operation. Simultaneous measurement of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence can be made directly on the CIRAS-2 in both the field and laboratory or remotely from a PC using the remote control software. The CIRAS-2 shown above with integral Chlorophyll Fluorescence Module (CFM) signal conditioning interface. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Adaptation The following parameters are measured and Many of our leaf cuvettes can be adapted to work with other available calculated on demand by the CIRAS-2: Fo, Fm, fluorometers for simultaneous measurement of leaf gas exchange and Fv, Fv/Fm (Max Yield), Fs, Fm’, Fo’, oPSII or ΔF/Fm’ chlorophyll fluorescence. Contact PP Systems for details. (Yield), qP, qNP, NPQ, PAR, TEMP and ETR. CFM Technical Specification Modulating Beam 627 nm (Red) Actinic Light Red and White LED’s Range: 0-2,000 µmol m-2 s-1 Saturation Light Red and White LED’s Range: 0-6,000 µmol m-2 s-1 Far Red Light 2 x 735 nm LED’s Detector PIN photodiode with > 700 nm filter Detector Method Rapid pulse peak tracking Leaf Area 2.5 cm2 5 CIRAS-2 Leaf Gas Exchange Accessories PP Systems has long been recognized for our design of leaf cuvettes (Parkinson Leaf Cuvettes) and chambers for measurement of leaf and canopy gas exchange, soil respiration and chlorophyll fluorescence. We offer a full range of accessories adding to the measurement capability of the CIRAS-2 Portable Photosynthesis System. Leaf cuvettes (broad, narrow and conifer) are also available for measurement under ambient conditions (without temperature control) and can be supplied with optional light units if required. PLC5 (N) Automatic Narrow Leaf Cuvette For measurement on grasses and cereal crops. It features integral, automatic control of temperature. An optional LED light unit is available for automatic control of light from 0-1,100 µmol m-2 s-1. Window Area: 80mm (L) x 30mm (W). vert from ette. ow style leaf cuv Head plates can be supplied to easily con er to narr conf Leaf Cuvette Adapters for CIRAS-1 Users Adapters are available to allow older “CIRAS-1” style leaf cuvettes to be used with the CIRAS-2 Portable Photosynthesis System. Contact PP Systems for PLC5 (C) Automatic Conifer Leaf Cuvette For measurement on conifers and pine needles. The window is hemispherical making more details. it suitable for 3D structures. It features integral, automatic control of temperature. An optional LED light unit is available for automatic control of light from 0-1,500 µmol m-2 s-1. Window Area: 80mm (L) x 50mm (Diameter). 6 Canopy Photosynthesis Environmental Sensors A complete range of chambers are available for use with the CIRAS-2 for A range of environmental sensors can be used with measurement of closed (CPY-2) and open (CPY-3) CO flux on single plants or the CIRAS-2 for general monitoring applications in 2 low lying vegetation. All chambers are transparent and fitted with an air mixing the field and laboratory. fan and sensors for measurement of PAR and air temperature. For open system measurement using our CPY-3 range of chambers, a suitable air supply unit is required which is built into our Control Interface Module (CIM). PAR-1 Probe For measurement of PAR (µmol m-2 s-1) CPY-3 chamber for low lying vegetation. CPY-3 chamber for tall vegetation. Our Control Interface Module (CIM) with required air supply unit is also shown in the background. TRP-1 Temperature/PAR Probe For measurement of temperature (oC) and PAR (µmol m-2 s-1) The CPY-2 is designed for closed system measurement of canopy CO2 flux. Soil Respiration The SRC-1 Soil Respiration Chamber can be used for rapid, accurate measurement of soil CO flux in the field. The 2 closed system method of measuring soil respiration was first introduced by Dr. Keith J. Parkinson in 1981. The SRC-1 with known chamber volume is placed on the soil surface and monitors the rate of increase in CO over time making it an ideal system for rapid screening 2 of soil respiration (0-9.99 g CO m-2 h-1). The chamber is constructed of 2 rugged PVC with a stainless steel ring providing a good seal. The CIRAS-2 shown with the SRC-1 Soil Respiration Chamber and STP-1 Soil Temperature Probe. 7 Our Mission: Technical Specifications Main Console Housing Aiding scientific research with High impact aluminum case with easy access Analysis Method (Gas Analyzers) for battery change and system maintenance. Non-dispersive infrared, configured as an absolute versatile, proven technology. absorptiometer with microprocessor control of Dimensions linearization. 28cm W x 16 cm D x 24cm H 28cm W x 16 cm D x 26cm H (with CFM) The analyzers simultaneously measure absolute CO2 and H2O of the reference and analysis gas Weight PP Systems is proud to have supported the technology streams. The CIRAS-2 has 4 independent analyzers 7.2 kg. for true differential measurement. 7.6 kg. (with CFM) needs of plant and soil scientists for over 25 years. Measurement Range Our photosynthesis systems have been proven and CO User Interface 2: 0-2,000 µmol mol-1 (Optimal Range) tested by thousands of researchers from over 100 0-9,999 µmol mol-1 (Maximum Range) Display H2O: 0-75 mb 7.2: VGA transflective color STN LCD with backlight countries worldwide. We are recognized as a leader Corrections are made for temperature, and contrast control. Optimized for field use. in the design and manufacture of photosynthesis pressure and foreign gas broadening. Dot Format: 640 x (RGB) x 480 dots Dot Pitch: 0.228 x 0.228 mm measurement instrumentation for high level research. Precision (Absolute) User Input CO2: 0.2 µmol mol-1 at 300 ppm 24 key keyboard plus touchpad mouse for Many scientists consider the CIRAS-2 system to be 0.5 µmol mol-1 at 1,750 ppm virtual keypad. 3.0 µmol mol-1 at 9,999 ppm the benchmark gas exchange system for field research. H Communication Ports 2O: 0.015 mb at 0 mb RS232 and USB Field expertise combined with proven technology 0.020 mb at 10 mb 0.030 mb at 50 mb PCMCIA results in the widest range of accessories for measure-Linearity Type 1. For additional data storage. ment of leaf gas exchange, soil respiration, canopy Better than 1.0% throughout the range, with Memory dependent upon RAM card used. calibration at 2,000 ppm CO photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. 2 or 40 mb H2O. PLC6 (U) Automatic Universal Stability (CO2 Analysis) Automatic Zero at regular intervals corrects for Leaf Cuvette sample cell contamination, source and detector Cuvette Materials ageing and pre-amplifier gain changes. Distributor Components: Aluminum alloy Response Time Window: Glass IR interference filter Electrical: 0.5 seconds Leaf gasket: Closed cell foam Display/Analog Output: 1.6 seconds Impeller: Stainless steel Pneumatic: < 5 seconds Window Sizes/Leaf Area Exposed Air Sampling 18mm diameter /2.5 cm2 Adjustable up to 100 cm3 min-1 using integral DC 25mm x 18mm /4.5 cm2 pumps. Both analysis and reference pumps fitted 25mm x 7mm /1.75 cm2 with mass flow controllers. The analyzer may be Boundary Layer Resistance used in open and closed systems. 0.15-0.32 m2 s-1 mol-1 Environmental Sensor Inputs Air Temperature Sensor 3 input channels are available for use with PP Precision Thermistor Systems' environmental sensors. Software linearization: +/- 0.10 oC from 0-60 oC Analog Output (CO Accuracy: +/-0.3 oC at 25 oC 2/H2O) 8 bit D/A converter giving 0.5% resolution. Leaf Temperature Sensor Output voltage 0-5V. Both minimum and Radiation sensor for non-contact measurement maximum voltage are defined by user. and control RS232 Output Accuracy: +/-0.3 oC at 25 oC Stored/current data output in standard PAR Sensor ASCII format. Filtered silicon cell (fully cosine corrected) Real Time Clock Response: 400-700 nm Accuracy: Better than 1 min/month at 25 oC. Range: 0-3,000 µmol m-2 s-1 Operating Temperature: 0-70 oC. Precision: 10 µmol m-2 s-1 For further information, Recording Options Temperature Control By PC or by the instrument. Automatic logging at Peltier elements mounted to the cuvettes please contact us at: user selectable intervals between 10 seconds and and fitted with heat sink and fans 1 hour, controlled by internal real-time clock. Control Range: Approx. 8 oC below ambient up to 40 oC Instrument Status Detection Indication of instrument malfunction, including Light Control (Optional) low battery voltage (< 10.5V) through the RS232 LED (red and white) light unit output. Auto restart if momentary failure. Control Range: 0-2,000 µmol m-2 s-1 Power Supply Cuvette Dimensions Internal, rechargeable 12V NiMH batteries Length: 36cm providing up to 8 hours continuous use. Handle: 3.8cm Diameter Batteries can easily be changed without Weight shutting down the system. 0.75 kg. 110 Haverhill Road Integral Cuvette Air Supply Unit Suite 301 0-500 cm3 min-1 measured and controlled by Amesbury, MA 01913 U.S.A. a mass flow meter. PP Systems is continuously updating its products and Automatic Control Range reserves the right to amend product specifications CO without notice. TEL +1 978-834-0505 2: 0-2,000 µmol mol-1 H2O: 0- Dewpoint FAX +1 978-834-0545 All brand/product names are trademarks of their Copyright © 2008 Operating Environment respective owners. EMAIL sales@ppsystems.com PP Systems. 0-50 oC, non-condensing. In dirty environments, All rights reserved. URL www.ppsystems.com external air filtration is required.