What’s Inside.... Leaf Gas Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 Leaf Cuvettes & Accessories . . . . . . . . . .4 Soil & Canopy Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Steady State Porometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 CO2/H2O Gas Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 CO2 Gas Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Product Catalog Environmental Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Leaf Reflectance & Remote Sensing . . . .7 CIRAS-2 Portable Photosynthesis System Leaf Gas Exchange For Research The CIRAS-2 is considered by many scientists to be the “benchmark” gas exchange system for field use. All features are fully integrated into a field portable, lightweight package. The system has a high technical specification, yet is robust and reliable. With the chlorophyll fluorescence module and control software, it is also a versatile and effective laboratory system for the most demanding application. A wide range of cuvettes and chambers are available for leaf, canopy and soil studies, spot measurements or Features analysis of long term changes in gas flux. • Lightweight and truly field portable The CIRAS analyzers are protected in a • NiMH batteries provide for full day typical temperature controlled enclosure within operation the console to ensure measurement • stability under the normal range of Simultaneous measurement of ambient conditions. The design of the photosynthesis & chlorophyll CIRAS-2 ensures an inherent calibration fluorescence (with optional CFM) stability which has been confirmed by • Open & closed system measurements many years experience of the technology • Automatic control of CO2, H2O, temperature employed. & light • Auto-Zero and self-calibration features Automatic Environment Control • Wide range of standard cuvettes and light Powerful User Interface & Software CO The CIRAS-2 system is ideal for performing 2 & H2O units for single leaves, canopies and soil The CIRAS-2 system features automatic analysis automatic response curves (i.e. A/Ci, light, control of CO temperature) in the field or lab. The main 2 and H2O as standard. Our • Shoulder harness for hands-free operation unique gas mixing system is integrated console features a user interface that includes into the main console and provides a large, color display that is optimized for use independent, accurate and automatic in the field. The system can display 15 control of both CO measurement parameters and graphics 2 and H2O. CO2 control is provided by use of mini CO simultaneously in real time. Powerful and 2 cartridges which can easily be swapped in intuitive system software ensures user friendly and out regardless of the state of charge. operation even for the most inexperienced Measurements under ambient CO user. In addition, the same software can be 2 and H used to control the CIRAS-2 remotely from 2O conditions are also available to the end user if required. your PC. Control Range CO2: 0-2,000 µmol mol-1 Chlorophyll Fluorescence Module (CFM) H2O: 0-Dewpoint The Chlorophyll Fluorescence Module (CFM), Temperature developed in cooperation with Hansatech Instruments, Integrated into the automatic leaf cuvettes, provides measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence with the option of either setpoint control or using the pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) technique. tracking of ambient. The CFM easily attaches to the PLC6 (U) Automatic Control Range Universal Leaf Cuvette with the signal conditioning -8° C below ambient to +40° C board integrated into the CIRAS-2 main console. The CIRAS-2 User Interface provides powerful software Light control and programmable automation of the Optional light sources based on LED’s or The key fluorescence parameters measurements permitting fully integrated gas exchange quartz halogen bulbs. measured and calculated include: & chlorophyll fluorescence data to be simultaneously Control Range Fo, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm (Max Yield), collected, displayed and saved as a single record. The 0-2,000 µmol m-2 s-1 Fs, Fm', Fo', φPSII or ΔF/Fm' user has full control over all light intensities and (Yield), qP, qNP, NPQ, PAR, durations, modulating beam levels and fluorescence Refer to leaf cuvette section for more TEMP and ETR. detector gain. information. 2 sales@ppsystems.com PLC6 (U) Automatic Universal Leaf Cuvette The PLC6 (U) Automatic Universal Leaf Leaf Gas Exchange Cuvette is lightweight and robust making it ideal for rapid sampling of leaf Temperature gas exchange in the field as well as for Automatic temperature control is laboratory studies. It features integral integral to the PLC6 (U) Automatic peltier cooling elements for accurate, Universal Leaf Cuvette. The user can automatic control of leaf cuvette easily control temperature over a temperature. Our unique head design wide range with an option to track allows the user to customize the ambient. cuvette area to meet specific applications and plant types. Three Control Range chamber inserts with window areas of -8° C below ambient to +40° C 25mm x 18mm, 25mm x 7mm and 18mm are standard. Custom inserts Light are also available upon request. We offer 2 light sources for use with A recording button is conveniently the PLC6 (U) featuring automatic located on the handle ensuring easy control of light. Our LED light source recording of photosynthesis data with features a bank of red and white just one hand. LED’s and requires minimal power to Accurate, non-contact leaf temperature operate. The white LED’s are measurement and control is ensured by included to improve spectral distribution. a built-in IR sensor that is fitted to the A fan-cooled, quartz halogen light base of the cuvette. Two PAR sensors source offers excellent spectral are located inside the cuvette at the distribution throughout the PAR range leaf surface for accurate measurement (but has a higher power requirement). of PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation). LED Control Range Quartz 0-2,000 µmol m-2 s-1 Halogen TPS-2 Portable Photosynthesis System Leaf Gas Exchange For Teaching Features • & Basic Research Lightweight & field portable • Accurate CO2 and H2O measurement • Our success and expertise in leaf gas Adjustable CO2, H2O and light for exchange systems led to the response curves development of the TPS-2 Portable • Simple, user-friendly operation Photosynthesis System. The TPS-2 is • Full data logging and storage capability a low cost system with very good • RS232 output for data transfer to PC technical specification for measurement of leaf gas exchange in the laboratory or field. The TPS-2 system is a completely self-contained instrument with all the necessary pumps, flowmeters, valves, cuvette and light unit (optional) for measurement on a The TPS-2 system is an wide variety of plant types. ideal choice for teaching and basic research. In addition to measurements at ambient conditions, the user can control CO2, H2O and light for response curves. The TPS-2 is supplied with a custom designed An optional LED light unit is carrying case and shoulder strap making field available for control of measurements simple and easy. cuvette light intensity. www.ppsystems.com 3 Leaf Cuvettes And Accessories For over 20 years, PP Systems has been producing a full range of leaf cuvettes to accommodate a wide variety of leaf types (broad, narrow, conifers, pods, fruits, etc.). In addition, our technical staff have Conifers, needles (PLC5-C) Grasses, cereal crops (PLC5-N) produced many special designs for specific applications and plant types such as mosses, lichens, Arabidopsis, Cactii. We offer a range of low cost, “manual” style cuvettes and light units for leaf gas exchange measurements under ambient conditions. We also offer an extensive range of “automatic” leaf cuvettes that feature integrated, automatic control of Arabidopsis and other low lying vegetation Mosses, lichens (PLC6-A) temperature from approximately -8° C below ambient up to +40° C. Optional light units are available for use with all Adapters are also available to allow cuvettes and chambers to be used “automatic” style leaf cuvettes providing with both CIRAS-1 and CIRAS-2. automatic, integral light control. All “automatic” style cuvettes can be used for Custom chambers are also available ambient studies as well. Custom chambers upon request. Soil & Canopy Chambers PP Systems offers chambers for both open (long term, unattended monitoring) and closed system (rapid, short term CFX-2 Soil Respiration Chamber (Open) monitoring) chambers for measurement of SRC-1 Soil Respiration Chamber (Closed) soil and net canopy CO2 flux. Our CIRAS analyzers can be used with both open and TPX closed chambers and have the required software to calculate rates of assimilation/respiration and evaporation. All open system chambers require a separate air supply with adjustable flow rates. This is provided by the Control Interface Module (CIM). A range of chamber sizes are available, including flexible polythene and PET (Polyethylene CPY-2 Canopy Assimilation Chamber (Closed) CPY-3 Canopy Assimilation Chamber with teraphthalate) models with an adjustable Control Interface Module (Air Supply) height. Stainless steel base rings are available for fixed sites. The chambers are lightweight, quick to install and easy to set up. An optional soil temperature probe (CFX or STP) is available for use with both open and closed system chambers. For stand-alone measurements, all of our open chambers can be used with our Control Interface Module with integral analyzer (See CO2 Gas Analysis on page 6). CPY-3 Canopy Assimilation CPY-3 Canopy Assimilation Chambers (PET) Chamber (Polythene) 4 sales@ppsystems.com Steady State Features Porometer • Lightweight & field portable • Steady state system The PMR-5 is a steady-state, continuous • Ergonomic leaf cuvette flow porometer designed to be used with • our popular EGM-4 CO Multipurpose, with CO 2 analyzer. The 2 analyzer • EGM-4 supplies the power (internal, Full datalogging & storage capability rechargeable 12V battery), measures the • User friendly outputs from the porometer sensors, processes the results and then displays and records the data. The PMR-5 is a hand-held unit using an "open system" measurement of leaf transpiration. The lightweight cuvette is designed to couple the leaf to the ambient temperature using a fan, heat sink and radiation shield. There is continuous calculation and display of There is a stirring fan in the chamber to the reference and chamber humidity, leaf minimize the boundary layer resistance. temperature (energy balance), airflow rate, Digital humidity and temperature sensors incident PAR (Photosynthetically Active accurately monitor the air entering and Radiation) and stomatal conductance. The leaving the cuvette. The chamber is transpiration rate is also recorded. designed to minimize the temperature difference between sensors. A sensor The PMR-5 is lightweight, field portable and Software is supplied to allow the transfer of matching process eliminates errors due to supplied with a shoulder strap making field data (ASCII) from the instrument to your PC. sensor imbalance. measurements simple and easy. CO2/H2O Gas Analysis Our laboratory CO2 and H2O infrared gas analyzers are based on the popular CIRAS differential CO2/H2O gas analyzer originally developed for photosynthesis and transpiration measurements on plants. All CIRAS analyzers feature a very high technical specification and quality workmanship ensuring accuracy, precision and reliability. Designed to be operated through a standard PC, with integral logging for stand-alone operation. Features • High precision, non-dispersive infrared The CIRAS-SC is a single channel, absolute The CIRAS-DC is a dual channel, true gas analyzers for CO2 and H2O CO differential system featuring 4 independent 2/H2O infrared gas analyzer for accurate • CO2 Range: 0-2,000 ppm (up to 9,999 ppm) measurement of a single gas stream. infrared gas analyzers (2 for CO2 and 2 for • Fast response H2O). As such, it is capable of resolving small • Analog & digital (RS232) linear output Applications differences between two gas streams in real • • Excellent stability achieved by built-in Plant/Crop physiology time. • auto-zero facility Atmosphere & pollution CO2 monitoring This type of instrument (true differential • • Fully compensated for changes in CO2 enrichment studies analyzer) is the preferred option for plant temperature, pressure and gas interactions • Animal/insect physiology photosynthesis and respiration measurements • Built-in sampling pump with mass flow • Industrial process control where differential concentrations need to be controllers resolved to a high degree of accuracy and • Insensitive to vibration, no moving parts precision. ensuring high reliability • Integral datalogger with 5 analog and 2 thermistor temperature inputs For users that demand a high level research CO2/H2O analyzer www.ppsystems.com 5 CO2 Gas Analysis SBA-4 OEM CO2 Analyzer Accurate, compact, low cost optical bench for PP Systems specializes in the design and incorporation into users existing systems. manufacture of infrared gas analyzers • Integration into environmental control (IRGA’s). These instruments are single systems & greenhouses channel, absolute CO2 analyzers for • Plant & animal science measurement of a single gas stream. • Oceanography They are based on a standard module • (SBA-4) which employs a non-dispersive Industrial process monitoring & control measurement technique, coupled with It requires only a power supply, pump and microprocessor based signal processing absorber to complete the system. to achieve good stability and specificity to CO2. All gas analyzers are fully compensated for temperature and pres-WMA-4 CO2 Analyzer sure. Fast warm-up, adaptation to chang-Ideal for fixed installations. This unit has a ing ambient conditions and excellent sta-built-in, long life sampling pump and can be bility is achieved by automatic resetting of powered by mains (115/230V AC) or 12V DC the analyzer zero at regular intervals (for use in the field). (Auto-Zero). Normal operation of the • Growth cabinets analyzers requires a continuous flow of • Environmental control rooms & greenhouses the sample gas. However, static • Fruit Storage measurements are available with the • Breweries SBA-4 and EGM-4 enabling the use of • An optional 2 channel version of the WMA-4 is aerosol calibration mixtures as well as the Industrial process monitoring & control also available. injection of syringe samples. A Control Interface Module (CIM) with integral CO2 EGM-4 Environmental Gas Monitor for CO analyzer (optional humidity sensor) is also 2 available. It includes a suitable air supply This compact portable unit is powered by an unit required for stand-alone measurement internal rechargeable battery and includes a of “Open” system soil and net canopy flux. built-in, long life sampling pump. Ideal for both lab and field applications. All analyzers feature an analog output • Environmental monitoring making them compatible with industry • Animal Physiology standard PID controllers when CO2 • control is required. In addition, all Borehole monitoring/depth profiling analyzers feature a 4-20 mA current • Soil CO2 flux measurements (see page 4) output and digital (RS232) output for transfer of data in ASCII format. Control Interface Module (CIM) The CIM provides a controlled supply of Standard Ranges ambient air, with optional integral CO2 and 0-1,000 ppm (0.1 %) humidity analyzer. It is designed for use with 0-2,000 ppm (0.2 %) our range of CPY-3 open system canopy 0-5,000 ppm (0.5 %) chambers (see page 4) for unattended, long 0-10,000 ppm (1.0 %) term measurement of soil and canopy flux. 0-20,000 ppm (2.0 %) The optional analyzer features a built-in display, keypad and datalogger that is Higher ranges up to 100,000 ppm (10%) protected inside a water resistant enclosure. available upon request. Optional Humidity Sensor Environmental Probes - A range of probes are available for use with our gas A digital humidity sensor can be fitted to analyzers including: all gas analyzers to accurately measure humidity of the gas stream in addition to Oxygen Temperature/PAR PAR CO2 concentration. The measurements are expressed as H2O vapor pressure (mb). 6 sales@ppsystems.com Leaf Reflectance And Remote Sensing Single and dual detector systems for vegetation reflectance and field remote sensing applications. The UniSpec-DC is a dual channel, field portable instrument capable of unattended, simultaneous measurement of incident and reflected light. It allows sampling under any sky conditions, including clouds. Recent studies have shown that narrow band spectral indices can track diurnal and seasonal trends in both leaf to stand-level photosynthetic activity and can detect periods of photosynthetic downregulation due to water, nutrient and temperature stress. Additional studies suggest that thermal bands, particularly when combined Common System Features UniSpec-DC Applications: with optical remote sensing, may be able • Lightweight, field portable instruments • Remote sensing (aircraft, UAVs, to provide additional information on the flux towers, trams, blimps, etc.) degree of photosynthetic downregulation • High precision detectors (310-1,100 nm) under water stress. Perhaps even more - Other ranges available upon request • Ground truthing significant is the possibility that the controls • Powerful user interface/software • Automated optical sampling on respiratory carbon flux can also be • Extensive range of accessories (FOV • Plant Ecophysiology revealed through a combination of remote lens, fiberoptics, cosine head, etc.) sensing tools that includes the UniSpec-DC. The main console features a user interface that The UniSpec-SC, commonly referred to includes a large, color display that is optimized as a “Reflectometer”, is a single channel, for use in the field. field portable instrument designed for User Interface Features measurement of leaf reflectance. It • Large, color reflective display features a built-in light source and • Powerful yet user friendly software extensive range of accessories for measurement on a wide variety of leaves • Graphical & numerical display of data (including needles). In addition to revealing dynamic features related to the UniSpec-SC Applications The UniSpec-DC mounted on a tram based physiological condition of vegetation, • Plant Physiology & Ecology system for unattended, automated optical spectral reflectance can also be used to sampling along a transect derive basic information about leaf or • Field crop monitoring canopy structure, nutritional status and • Screening plant populations pigment content. Leaf chlorophyll content • Remote sensing/ground truthing and nitrogen status are both indicators of • Oceanography integrated leaf physiology. As “health” and photosynthetic performance decline with stress or age, tissue nitrogen and chlorophyll content also decline. Both chlorophyll and nitrogen content can be readily estimated from empirically calibrated estimates of leaf reflectance. Measurement of leaf level reflectance in the The UniSpec-DC can be used on flux towers field with UniSpec-SC, bifurcated fiberoptic and for remote sensing of vegetation leaf clip www.ppsystems.com 7 PP Systems PRSRT STD 110 Haverhill Road, Suite 301 U.S. Postage Amesbury, MA 01913 U.S.A. PAID Haverhill, MA Permit No. 30 For full product information, visit us at: www.ppsystems.com Distributor About PP Systems PP Systems is a small company that specializes in the design and manufacture of scientific instrumentation for the plant and soil sciences. For over 20 years, we have provided high level sales and technical support to thousands of researchers in over 100 countries worldwide. Our PP Systems is continuously updating its products and reserves instrumentation is well documented and referenced in many the right to amend product specifications without notice. prestigious scientific publications and journals and supported by highly trained staff and a large network of factory trained Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. distributors offering local training and technical support. © 2007, PP Systems. All rights reserved. In North America PP Systems - 110 Haverhill Road, Suite 301- Amesbury, MA 01913 U.S.A. Tel: +1 978.834.0505 Fax: +1 978.834.0545 In Europe PP Systems - Unit 2, Glovers Court - Bury Mead Road - Hitchin, Herts SG5 1RT UK Tel: +44 1462.453411 Fax: +44 1462.431090 Sales: sales@ppsystems.com Service: service@ppsystems.com Technical Support: support@ppsystems.com Printed March 2007