Analysis Systems for Environmental Applications ICP-OES and XRF spectrometers for the analysis of heavy metals and other elements in environmental samples Besides the heavy metals like — arsenic, — cadmium, — chromium, — mercury, — lead and — thallium, SPECTRO’s environmental analyzers determine other important elements in full compliance with legal regulations. Heavy metals include the elements arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and thallium. They typically enter the body via the food chain, ambient air or drinking water. Unfortunately, since the beginning of the industrial revolution, waterways and coastal With the SPECTRO xSORT and SPECTRO XEPOS waters have been polluted with these elements and others. Contaminants X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and the have also been introduced into the soil SPECTRO GENESIS, SPECTROBLUE and SPECTRO with negative consequences not only ARCOS ICP-OES spectrometers, SPECTRO for the food chain, but also for drinking water. provides unrivaled solutions for the analysis To safeguard the environment, strict of heavy metals in environmental samples regulations have now been drawn up such as water, soil, sludge and waste. These both in Europe and the United States as well as in many other countries around instruments are robust, reliable and sensitive the world. These new regulations analytical systems, that are able to deal with specify the maximum amounts of toxic diverse material types as well as wide varying elements, notably heavy metals, that can be released into the environment. elemental concentrations in full compliance As a consequence, contamination levels with the regulations. in – for example - urban and industrial waste water and soils need to be monitored as do levels in sludge from sewage treatment plants. The SPECTRO xSORT is a compact, ergonomic handheld ED-XRF spectrometer utilizing innovative technology. It delivers extremely fast analytical results with no constraints on accuracy. The short measuring time of 30 seconds makes it the ideal instrument for rapid screening analyses in environmental analysis, e.g., the determination of the contents of soil, sludge, rock samples or waste. In the mining industry, concentrates and tailings can be characterized in addition to ores. With the optional GPS package, the measurement data can be stored together with a protocol of the testing site, so that SPECTRO xSORT the conditions for an entire plot can be quickly and easily mapped. The SPECTRO xSORT’s extraordinary performance is based on the optimized sample excitation using a miniature X-ray tube. The excitation is so well matched to the specially developed detector technology that the SDD-based detector is used to its best advantage. This combination enables the achievement of high pulse rates together with high sensitivity. Faster measurements and increased accuracy are the result. The SPECTRO xSORT possesses several safety mechanisms for safe, interference-free operation. A shutter that securely closes the measuring aperture and that protects the technology behind it from SPECTRO xSORT soiling is also used as the sample for – All relevant elements from Mg to U control measurements that the instrument – Universal calibrations: Simply start an analysis automatically conducts as needed. no additional input is required All of the calibrations available on the – Laboratory-like analytical results in instrument are ready for use at all times. just a few seconds Incidentally, these calibrations are based on the models used in SPECTRO’s successful – Extremely fast element screening laboratory instruments. The SPECTRO XEPOS simultaneous XRF spectrometer provides a fast, precise, accurate and economic solution for the monitoring of soil, sludge and waste. Measurements require little or no sample preparation and are non-destructive. In addition to heavy metals, all of the relevant elements from Na to U can be determined simultaneously in solids, powders and liquids. Operation can be easily automated using an integrated autosampler. Analyses are largely matrix independent, as the software corrects for this type of influence. This and many additional instrument and software characteristics make operation simple and safe. SPECTRO XEPOS SPECTRO XEPOS is a particularly powerful XRF analyzer with exceptional multifaceted capabilities. Compared to conventional benchtop instruments, it achieves decidedly better detection limits. A very low powered X-ray tube with a power of only 50 W serves as the radiation source. The extreme sensitivity is obtained with an extended polarization system by which the primary tube radiation is bundled in luminously intense polarization and secondary target optics. With this technique, it is not necessary to utilize radiation filters that lead to heavy losses in sensitivity. A high-SPECTRO XEPOS resolution, Peltier-cooled, SDD detector is used as a detection system, eliminating the – Element range Na - U need for liquid nitrogen cooling. – Low detection limits due to polarized excitation and secondary target optics For the analysis of unknown samples the – Analysis of solids, powders and liquids SPECTRO XEPOS provides a rapid, reliable – Integrated autosampler for up to 12 samples and economic solution by using a special – “Turboquant” software corrects for influences expert system-based software package called “Turboquant”: The matrix in unknown from matrix and thickness samples is detected and the resulting inter-element effects are automatically taken into consideration, significantly reducing analytical errors. The SPECTRO GENESIS inductively SPECTRO GENESIS coupled plasma (ICP-OES) optical – Pioneering CCD optical system design emission spectrometer with axial plasma – Proven generator technology observation has been specially designed for environmental applications. It offers all of – Minimum installation and training requirements the required analytical capabilities in terms – ICAL-supported automatic system control of sensitivity, precision and accuracy and – Factory methods conforming to international thus is ideally suited to perform analysis standards for water/waste-water, soil, sewage sludge of water, waste water, soil, sewage sludge and filter dust and filter dust in compliance with EPA – Seamless integration into the laboratory environment and international norms. The instrument features a Paschen-Runge spectrometer – Excellent price/performance ratio mount. Employing the proprietary Optimized Rowland Circle Alignment (ORCA) technique, the complete spectrum between 175 and 777 nm is captured. Over 70 elements can be determined simultaneously. A complete analysis can be performed in less than 4 minutes regardless of the number of lines and elements. Utilizing SPECTRO’s Intelligent Calibration Logic (ICAL), not only optimum operating conditions are ensured all the time, but also factory methods can be transferred to individual instruments, making method development redundant and the instrument literally “Plug and Analyze”. The SPECTRO GENESIS offers a simple, fast, accurate, precise and cost efficient method for the analysis of environmental samples, determining trace, minor, and major elements SPECTRO GENESIS with excellent recoveries. In conjunction with an autosampler, the SPECTRO GENESIS can be fully automated. The SPECTROBLUE ICP-OES is the ideal system for environmental laboratories that require a low-cost, high-throughput UE spectrometry solution. SPECTROBLUE was designed to establish new levels of performance for common laboratory analysis where stability, uninterrupted operation and throughput are as important as sensitivity and resolution. It couples an ultra-reliable design with no-compromise technical innovation to achieve the lowest cost of ownership in its class. A robust generator design packs an ample power reserve that can handle the most extreme plasma loads. The heat from the generator’s high-power ceramic tube is SPECTROBL eliminated through the use of innovative air-cooled technology that alleviates the need for an expensive external water-based cooling system. Developed specifically to meet the demands of high-throughput laboratories, the SPECTROBLUE’s field-proven generator provides the exceptional uptime, stability, and reliability. Its unique OPI Air optical plasma interface makes SPECTROBLUE the first ICP-OES without purchase and energy costs for external cooling. SPECTROBLUE’s optic system and unique full-transparency UV-PLUS approach eliminate consumable purge gases and ensure excellent long-term stability. The instrument’s sealed optic system abolishes gas purging for a lifetime savings totaling up to one-third of the instrument’s purchase price. Additionally, SPECTRO’s innovative Paschen-Runge optic technology permits a direct, high-luminance path for maximized light throughput, allowing the system to more easily process line-rich spectra, improve measurement accuracy and SPECTROBLUE reduce expensive rework. – Direct light path Paschen-Runge optic design Along with these features, the SPECTROBLUE – Exceptional UV transparency without ICP-OES system comes equipped with the need for consumable purge gases SPECTRO’s proprietary SMART ANALYZER -– Air cooled axial plasma observation VISION software. With its highly adaptable – Highly robust, air cooled generator interface, the software makes it easy for users – Industry leading price to performance ratio of all experience levels to take full advantage – Full spectrum readout and storage of the instrument’s simplified operation and unique analytical capabilities. – Simultaneous measurement The SPECTRO ARCOS is a truly versatile high-performance ICP-OES spectrometer with a unique, analytically superior optical system for highest resolution. Both axial and radial plasma observation can be performed: the Optical Plasma Interface (OPI) for axial plasma observation enables extremely low detection limits and practically eliminates matrix effects; the Side-on Plasma Interface (SPI) for radial plasma observation provides high precision and stability for less extreme sensitivity requirements. With its robust construction, minimal maintenance requirements and intelligent SPECTRO ARCOS software, the SPECTRO ARCOS is perfectly suited to automatic operation. Water cooling of the free-running generator is not necessary; the argon-filled UV-PLUS system prevents contamination of the optics due to a vacuum or flushing gas. All instrument parameters are monitored and logged by the software. An optional combination of autosampler and autodiluter provides automatic dilution of samples that have exceeded measurement ranges so that they SPECTRO ARCOS can be analyzed correctly. This all increases – Pioneering CCD optical system design measurement accuracy while reducing operational expenses. – Proven generator technology – OPI and SPI capable The innovative high performance readout – Post-processing of samples system allows measurement of the complete – Fully automatic analysis spectrum in less than 2 seconds. The raw – Self-monitoring data for the entire spectrum is stored and is – Numerous accessories available for post-processing. A sample can be re-analyzed for new elements and even with different parameters without having to be measured again. The SPECTRO ARCOS is a powerful ICP-OES instrument with many accessories and innovative technology for the analysis of a very wide range of elements and concentrations. It is suited to routine and difficult tasks in nearly any laboratory and is especially capable of automated analysis. Table of Accuracy - SPECTRO GENESIS Comparison of certified and measured concentrations for NIST SRM 1640 (Trace Elements in Natural Water) El. Certified Conc. Meas. Conc. Recovery [µg/L] [µg/L] [%] Al 52 ± 1.5 50.7 97.5 Ag 7.62 ± 0.25 7.34 96.3 Table of Accuracy - SPECTRO xSORT and SPECTRO XEPOS As 26.67 ± 0.41 26.14 98.0 Comparison of the sediment standard GSS6, prepared as loose powder. B 301.1 ± 6.1 298.1 99.0 Ba 148.0 ± 2.2 137.6 92.9 El. given XEPOS xSORT Be 34.94 ± 0.41 34.8 99.5 Cd 22.792 ± 0.96 21.9 96.1 Al O % 21.23 ± 0.09 23.81 ± 0.02 Co 20.28 ± 0.31 19.3 95.2 2 3 SiO % 56.93 ± 0.11 49.43 ± 0.03 54 ± 2 Cr 38.6 ± 1.6 40.2 104.1 2 K O % 1.7 ± 0.03 1.71 ± 0.01 1.71 ± 0.03 Cu 85.2 ± 1.2 85.6 100.4 2 CaO % 0.22 ± 0.01 0.2 ± 0.01 0.21 ± 0.01 Fe 34.3 ± 1.6 30.6 89.2 Ti mg/kg 4390 ± 50 4787 ± 9 4881 ± 52 K 994 ± 27 1013 101.9 Cr mg/kg 75 ± 2 77 ± 1 82 ± 8 Li 50.7 ± 1.4 51.7 101.9 Mn mg/kg 1450 ± 32 1635 ± 3 1780 ± 18 Mn 121.5 ± 1.1 116.5 95.9 Fe O % 8.09 ± 0.06 8.11 ± 0.01 8.46 ± 0.01 Mo 46.75 ± 0.26 47.3 101.2 2 3 Co mg/kg 7.6 ± 0.4 < 8 <53 Ni 27.4 ± 0.8 29.8 108.7 Ni mg/kg 53 ± 1 57 ± 1 59 ± 5 Pb 27.89 ± 0.14 30.8 110.4 Cu mg/kg 390 ± 6 380 ± 2 398 ± 11 Sb 13.79 13.7 99.3 Zn mg/kg 96.6 ± 2.4 99 ± 1 57 ± 6 Se 21.96 ± 0.51 22.4 101.9 As mg/kg 220 ± 7 216 ± 1 239 ± 4 Sr 124.2 ± 0.7 116.7 93.9 Se mg/kg 1.34 ± 0.12 2.5 ± 0.2 < 3 V 12.99 ± 0.97 12.4 95.6 Br mg/kg 7.2 10.9 ± 0.3 10 ± 2 Zn 53.2 ± 1.1 54.4 102.2 Rb mg/kg 237 ± 4 229 ± 1 249 ± 3 Sr0 mg/kg 39 ± 2 38.1 ± 0.2 35 ± 2 Comparison of the certified with the measured Y mg/kg 18.8 ± 0.8 15.5 ± 0.5 11 ± 3 concentrations for BCR 141R (Soil) Zr mg/kg 220 ± 7 230 ± 2 229 ± 5 Ag mg/kg 0.2 ± 0.01 < 2 < 11 El. Certified Conc. Meas. Conc. Recovery Cd mg/kg 0.13 ± 0.016 < 2 < 11 [mg/kg] [mg/kg] [%] Sn mg/kg 72 ± 4 80.7 ± 3,6 66 ± 11 Cd 14.0 ± 0.5 13.68 97.7 Sb mg/kg 60 ± 3 67.2 ± 5 58 ± 5 Co 9.2 ± 0.5 9.6 104.3 Ba mg/kg 118 ± 6 125 ± 8 < 120 Cr 138 ± 5 139.6 101.1 Hg mg/kg 0.07 ± 0.01 < 2 < 6 Cu 46.9 ± 1.8 47.08 100.4 Tl mg/kg 2.4 ± 0.3 3.8 ± 0.8 < 4 Hg 0.24 ± 0.03 0.25 104 Pb mg/kg 314 ± 6 321.7 ± 2.7 352 ± 7 Mn 653 ± 16 640 98 Bi mg/kg 49 ± 3 57.6 ± 1.5 51 ± 5 Ni 94 ± 5 89 94.7 Th mg/kg 23 ± 1 16 ± 1 < 13 Pb 51.3 ± 2 47.8 93.1 U mg/kg 6.7 ± 0,5 4 ± 1 < 15 Zn 270 ± 8 278.8 103.3 Table of Applications Common environmental analysis applications and suitable instrumentation. Application SPECTRO XRF SPECTRO ICP-OES Water X Waste Water X Soil - monitoring X - analysis X Sewage Sludge - monitoring X - analysis X Filters X X Solid Waste X Slurries X Liquid streams X www.spectro.com GERMANY U.S.A. HoNG KoNG (Asia-Pacific) SPECTRO Analytical Instruments GmbH SPECTRO Analytical Instruments Inc. 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SPECTRO operates worldwide and is present in more than 50 countries. For SPECTRO near you please visit www.spectro.com/worldwide. © SPECTRO 2012, Subject to technical modifications • H-12, Rev.0. Photos: SPECTRO, GettyImages, Corbis. Registered trademarks of SPECTRO Analytical Instruments GmbH EU(005673694), USA(3,645,267); „SPECTRO“ (009693769); xSORT EU(7058456), IR USA(3,767,555), IR Japan(978 588); SPECTRO Genesis EU(004206165), USA(3,170,644); iCAL D(303 15 391), EU(003131919), USA(3,189,726); Arcos EU(005326566), USA(3,451,924), Japan(5085474); XEPOS D(398 51 192), USA(2,415,185); SPECTROBLUE D(30 2011 027 798), Japan(1099910), China(1099910)