Analysis of Marine Fuels & Oils, Sulfur, Cat Fines and Condition Monitoring Meet regulations and save money. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments offers unique analysis and monitoring solutions for onboard, on-line and laboratory elemental analysis of bunker fuels and lubrication oils, meeting the most demanding testing requirements. Meeting government regulations, minimizing operational costs and maximizing profits are all key aspects of the fuel industries of today. As a result of MARPOL Annex VI, The elements of interest to be monitored in marine fuels are: SECAs (SOx Emission Control Areas) have – Sulfur Sulfur originates from the crude oil and is the main trace element been put in place in Baltic and North Sea. (1-5%). New legislation requires the use of low sulfur fuels in In an effort to reduce pollution in ports environmentally sensitive areas. Monitoring the sulfur content of and coastal waters, regions around the world are also beginning to limit the bunker fuel provides an added assurance of compliance. maximum allowable sulfur levels in marine – Silicon and aluminum Silicon and aluminum – called the cat fines – originate from the bunker fuels. refinery catalysts, and these particles can cause severe cylinder Avoiding engine failure at sea is also of wall damage when present at larger concentrations. great importance. By monitoring cat fines – Vanadium, nickel and iron anadium, nickel and iron are present at trace levels in crude oil. in marine fuel and metals present in engine oil, engine failure can be avoided, lowering The distillation process enriches these elements. costs and ensuring a high degree of safety. – Calcium, zinc and phosphorus Calcium, zinc and phosphorus are normally not present in fuels, The residual fuel oil remaining after but are indicators for the fraudulent mixing of used lubrication distillation of crude oil is mainly used as fuel for the larger two stroke engines. The oil in the bunker fuels. main applications for these large two stroke engines are marine vessels, and to – Unusually high levels of Na, Cl, Mg, and K Na, Cl, Mg, and K can be indicators for a lesser extent power plants, therefore the residual fuel oil is also known as marine or sea water contamination, mainly resulting from overseas bunker fuel. The consumption of bunker transport of the crude oil. fuel for a larger container ship can be up to 200 tons/day. The buying and selling of marine fuels has to be according to marine fuel specifications, which includes The elements of interest to be monitored in lube oils are: elemental composition, especially sulfur. – Monitoring the calcium, zinc and phosphorus calcium, zinc and phosphorus content reveals Thus, cost justification for monitoring marine fuels and oils is gained in meeting information pertaining to additive depletion in service or a regulatory requirements and maximizing engine performance. possible charging of the system with the wrong oil – Monitoring the levels of Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb , Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and other wear elements can be important factors in identifying sources of engine wear and preventing engine failure. Legislation Description 2005/33/EC amending Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the sulfur content of marine fuels MARPOL Annex VI Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships Product Specifications XRF and ICP-OES spectrometers from ISO 8217 Petroleum Products - Fuels (class F) - Specifications for marine fuels SPECTRO can help ensure the fuel and Standard Test Methods lubrication quality according to ISO 8754 Petroleum Products - Determination of Sulfur content - specifications. Sulfur content can be Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method monitored on-site, when bunkering ISO 10478 Petroleum Products - Determination of Aluminum and Silicon content - Inductively coupled plasma emission and atomic absorption the fuel or in the lab. XRF analysis can spectroscopy methods monitor most of the requested IP 501 Determination of Aluminum, Silicon, Vanadium, Nickel, Iron, Sodium, elements in marine fuel and lubes. Calcium, Zinc and Phosphorus in residual fuel oil by ashing, fusion and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry Additionally the engine oil can be ASTM D5184 Standard Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum and Silicon in checked on site for its wear content to Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission allow an immediate reaction in case Spectrometry, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry of increased wear. ICP-OES is used in the lab for many S V Al & Si P Ca Zn SPECTRO iQ II applications as a reference and SPECTRO GENESIS quality assurance technique. SPECTRO ARCOS possible at required levels possible, test method available ED-XRF – Energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence technology (ED-XRF) provides one of the simplest, most accurate and most economic analytical methods for the determination of the elemental composition of many types of materials. It is non-destructive and reliable, requires no or very little sample preparation and is suitable for solid, liquid and powder samples. It can be used for a wide range of elements, provides detection limits in the sub-ppm level and can also measure concentrations of up to 100 % easily and simultaneously. ED-XRF onboard a ship can be employed to analyze fuels and used lubrication oil for condition monitoring of the engine. It also can ensure quality assurance when blending lubricants onboard. At-line or in the Laboratory, Advanced Performance ED-XRF Spectrometer SPECTRO iQ II The SPECTRO iQ II employs proprietary – Monitor S, V, Ni, Fe and cat fines in marine fuel optic and detector technology yielding – Identify contamination of used lubrication oil excellent performance, especially for light elements like sulfur, aluminum and silicon in marine fuel that rivals the much more – Determine wear metals and additives in lube and expensive wavelength-dispersive X-ray engine oils for condition monitoring and fluorescence spectrometers. onboard blending The SPECTRO iQ II features a combination of low power X-ray tube and advanced C-Force polarization optical system. It is ideal for analyzing and qualifying petrochemical SPECTRO iQ II products. Its detection limit for sulfur in fuels is less than 1 ppm, meeting the requirements for product control and product release analysis. For the analysis of cat fines and traces of used lubrication oil in marine fuels the analyzer is well suited. The same applies for condition monitoring and onboard blending. The instrument can be controlled with either a touch screen or standard monitor and keyboard. All important functions for routine analysis are displayed on one screen, making operation uncomplicated and intuitive. For more information about SPECTRO iQ II, including a detailed brochure, please visit www.spectro.com. Versatile ICP spectrometers for routine petrochemical applications as well as demanding requirements. The SPECTRO GENESIS offers a real economic alternative to sequential ICP. Leading CCD ICP technology, a powerful generator and its user friendliness make the low cost SPECTRO GENESIS the ideal analytical instrument for the elemental analysis of crude and heavy fuel oils, fresh and used lubricating oils, gas or fuel oils. Since the technique offers particular sensitivity for the light elements, ICP-OES closes the gap where in addition to the metals and non metals low level detection of alkali elements is required. The SPECTRO ARCOS is different from conventional ICP spectrometers. With its proven optical system it offers unbeatable performance and stability. It delivers a matchless resolution of SPECTRO GENESIS 8.5 picometer in the important wavelength range between 130 and 340 nm. An extremely robust, – A powerful alternative to conventional sequential high power, free-running generator makes the ICP spectrometers SPECTRO ARCOS perfectly suited for any kind of – Factory calibrated, norm-conforming method organic liquid, including samples with higher for lubricating oils volatility. The low maintenance and economical UV-Plus system delivers high VUV transparency – Excellent price-performance ratio down to 130 nm, enabling the analysis of halogens in petroleum products. An extensive SPECTRO ARCOS package of accessories is available for the – New ICP Performance class for complex matrices and SPECTRO ICP spectrometers to further expand their application range. This includes a wide analytical tasks range of sample introduction systems as well as – Extended spectral range from 130-770 nm for autosamplers, and dilutors for fully automated perfect line selection sample analyses. – Low Maintenance UV system with minimal operating cost For more information about SPECTRO GENESIS – Analysis of Halogens and SPECTRO ARCOS, including detailed brochures, please visit www.spectro.com. ICP-OES SPECTRO GENESIS & SPECTRO ARCOS Over the last 30 years, Optical Emission Spectrometers with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES) excitation sources have become an indispensable tool for elemental analysis. Their ease of use, high sensitivity and precision, plus relative freedom from interferences have made ICP-OES systems the analytical method of choice for the analysis of petroleum products. www.spectro.com GERMANY U.S.A. HONG KONG (Asia-Pacific) SPECTRO Analytical Instruments GmbH SPECTRO Analytical Instruments Inc. SPECTRO Analytical Instruments Boschstrasse 10 91 McKee Drive (Asia-Pacific) Ltd. D-47533 Kleve Mahwah, NJ 07430 2303-4 Sino Favour Centre Tel: +49.2821.892 21 02 Tel: +1.800.548.5809 1 On Yip Street, Chaiwan Fax: +49.2821.892 22 02 +1.201.642.3000 Tel: +852.2976.91 62 spectro.sales@ametek.com Fax: +1.201.642.3091 Fax: +852.2976.91 32 spectro-usa.sales@ametek.com spectro-ap.sales@ametek.com Subsidiaries: CHINA: Tel +86.10.8526.2111, Fax +86.10.8526.2141, spectro-china.sales@ametek.com, FRANCE: Tel +33.1.30688970, Fax +33.1.30688979, spectro-france.sales@ametek.com, GREAT BRITAIN: Tel +44.1162.462950, Fax +44.1162.740160, spectro-uk.sales@ ametek.com, ITALY: Tel +39.02.946931, Fax +39.02.94693650, spectro-italy.sales@ametek.com, JAPAN: Tel +81.(0)3.37405172, Fax +81.(0)3.37405307, spectro-japan.sales@ametek.com, SWEDEN: Tel +46.8.5190.6031, Fax +46.8.5190.6034, spectro-nordic.sales@ametek.com. SOUTH AFRICA: Tel +27.11.9794241, Fax +27.11.9793564, spectro-za.sales@ametek.com. SPECTRO operates worldwide and is present in more than 50 countries. Please contact our headquarters for your local representative. © SPECTRO 2009, Subject to technical modifications • 80902719 • G-9, Photos: SPECTRO, Corbis, Getty Images.